This article describes the challenges in applying the Scrum and eXtreme Programming (XP) software development practices, summarising several years of industry experience. The crucial questions are: How applicable are these practices in an enterprise context, and do they show their well-known advantages under today's characteristic business conditions? The assessment takes the project management, enterprise, human, software engineering, and business viewpoint in order to shed light on applicability gaps, and best practices to fill them.